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???????????????2020??3??21???????????????????Food and Drug Administration, FDA??????????????????Cepheid????????????????1???????路?????Cepheid??Kurt Petersen??Allen Northrup?????????1996?????浣�?????????芯?????????????PCR???????璞�?????????MEMS??????????????????Cepheid??????????????????????????????????/???????胁????2001?????????????????????Cepheid??????????????????U.S. Postal Service?????????????????????????????????????谩?

???????1??????????????????????????????????????RT-PCR?????????????????????RT-PCR??????????????????????????写????DNA????????????????????????????????椤�

?????????????????????????????椤�?泄????????2020??1??10????畏???????1???????????????????????????????????????????????1??芯?小???????7????????????????????????????????WHO??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????芯??????缈�?????CRISPR-Cas13?????

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MEMS?????????PCR????????????????小??纾�??????????伞?MEMS??????????????????????小??????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????PCR??dPCR????

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??2020??3??6???????????????????????????????芯??校?????????PCR????????MEMS????????PCR?????????1?????械?????????????芯??校????????PCR??ddPCR??????PCR????????????????????????芯????????????写????????????????ddPCR???1??????????????PCR?????500????????????味?????????????胁??????????????????锟�????PCR????ddPCR???锌?????????????????

MEMS PCR芯?????????1990????????????????墨????????????Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory????Allen Northrup?芯?小????1993??????????泄???PCR芯??????????芯???????1996????????Cepheid????????????泄????????MEMS???????????????PCR芯??????琛�????????????????????????????????uTAS?????芯???????????小?

Northrup???????????????墨????????????????????MEMS???PCR芯?????????????????Cepheid???????Cepheid????校???????????Northrup MA, Ching MT, White RM, Watson RT, “DNA amplification in a microfabricated reaction chamber,” Transducers 1993, Yokohama, Japan. pp. 924–926.??

????????????????????????芯?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????谩????????????芯????ETRI????Genesystem?????芯?????????????????????PCR??????????????芯???????????????????????????????????????CMOS?????????

??携?PCR????????????????????????????????????CMOS???????????????????校???????????DS Lee, OR Choi, and YJ Seo, “A Handheld and Battery-Powered Realtime Microfluidic PCR Amplification Device,” Transducers 2019, Berlin, Germany pp. 1063-1065.??

?????????????1????“???”?????????????????????协???????位???????Stilla Technologies?????????PCR??????????????泄?????????????????屑?????????Naica????PCR????????????????????????????????????????????????????位????????????Bio-Rad??2020??3??19?????????????qPCR???械????胁????????????QX200???????PCR?????1??????????????懈???????????????????????FDA????????????????EUA????Bio-Rad????????????????Biodesix?????????????ddPCR?????????1???????

???????????????????MEMS?????????????????1???????Bosch????????????????????????1?????????????????????2.5小????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Bosch Healthcare Solutions????????Vivalytic??????????小?

Vivalytic??????????薪???2020??4??????1??????????????????????????????????

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